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Bangladesh
Bangladesh's Retributive Justice Imperils Its Democratic Future


Mudassir Bhat

Bangladesh's International Crimes Tribunal sentenced exiled ex-PM Sheikh Hasina to death in absentia for 2024 protest crackdowns, in a politically charged trial criticised as unfair retribution. This comment argues that such a verdict risk eroding democracy, drawing parallels with Pakistan while urging institutional restraint for genuine renewal.

Bangladesh
The ICT Verdict and Bangladesh’s Shifting Political Currents: Disadvantage India?


Mohammed Shoaib Raza

The commentary examines Bangladesh’s shifting politics after the ICT sentenced Sheikh Hasina to death for the 2024 crackdown. It highlights uncertainty surrounding the upcoming elections, Jamaat-e-Islami’s push for a referendum, BNP’s resurgence, and rising violence.

Pak Law
Field Marshal’s Pakistan: Institutionalized Authoritarianism Under the 27th Amendment


Imran Khurshid

Pakistan’s 27th Constitutional Amendment formalizes military dominance by creating a powerful Chief of Defence Forces (CDF) with unified control over all armed services and lifetime immunity from prosecution.

karakoram Pass
Strategic Essay: The Genesis of the Line Joining NJ 9842 with the Karakoram Pass


Amit Krishankant Paul

This essay traces the origins and evolution of the imaginary line joining NJ 9842 to the Karakoram Pass, a cartographic construct with no legal basis in the 1949 Karachi Ceasefire Agreement. It reveals how private and official mapmakers—particularly in the West—erroneously extended the ceasefire line beyond NJ 9842 without any factual basis and the practice became pronounced after “Hodgson’s Line” introduced by the U.S. State Department in 1968.