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India-Russia Relations
The Bear and The Tiger in Close Embrace: Eight Decades of Time-Tested India-Russia Relations


Mohammed Badrul Alam

A comprehensive analysis of India-Russia relations spanning eight decades, examining their strategic partnership, trade agreements, cultural ties, and enduring cooperation while navigating contemporary geopolitical challenges and opportunities.

Pakistan
Pakistan’s Credit Upgrade: When Better Ratings Mask Economic Pain


Mohammed Shoaib Raza

Pakistan’s latest credit upgrade masks a deeper paradox: international confidence has improved, but ordinary citizens continue to bear the heavy economic costs of IMF-driven stabilisation and fiscal adjustment.

India-EU Partnership
Recent Trends in India- European Union Partnership: Towards a New Paradigm amidst Competitive Diplomacy


Mohammed Badrul Alam

The European Union (EU) is a political, economic union of 27 member states that are located geographically within the continent of Europe. It is a supra-national union with a total area of 1,634, 469 square miles and with an estimated population of 452 million as of 2026.