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Pakistan’s 27th Constitutional Amendment formalizes military dominance by creating a powerful Chief of Defence Forces (CDF) with unified control over all armed services and lifetime immunity from prosecution.

This essay traces the origins and evolution of the imaginary line joining NJ 9842 to the Karakoram Pass, a cartographic construct with no legal basis in the 1949 Karachi Ceasefire Agreement. It reveals how private and official mapmakers—particularly in the West—erroneously extended the ceasefire line beyond NJ 9842 without any factual basis and the practice became pronounced after “Hodgson’s Line” introduced by the U.S. State Department in 1968.

This essay critically examines the origins, significance, and misconceptions surrounding NJ 9842—the northernmost demarcated point of the 1949 India-Pakistan Ceasefire Line (CFL) in Jammu and Kashmir. It argues that NJ 9842 emerged not as a terminus by design but as a consequence of an incomplete demarcation exercise halted by mutual consent due to terrain challenges and presumed irrelevance...

Ever since August 2021, when Taliban fighters captured the seat of power in Kabul, the bilateral relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan started deteriorating. It was primarily because of Pakistan’s unrealistic expectations from the Taliban.....