India’s maritime strategy evolves through SAGAR and MAHASAGAR, uniting naval power, Coast Guard roles, blue economy goals, and regional partnerships to secure trade routes and counter rising Indian Ocean challenges.
In 1970 Brigadier Zia-ul-Haq helped Jordan crush Palestinian fighters in Black September, earning royal gratitude that later aided his rise—before reinventing himself as a champion of the Palestinian cause.
Decades after shedding British rule, the Pakistani people are still fighting for freedom—this time, from the very state institutions that claim to protect them.
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From SAGAR to MAHASAGAR: India’s Quest for Maritime Leadership and Security
Mohammed Badrul Alam
India’s maritime strategy evolves through SAGAR and MAHASAGAR, uniting naval power, Coast Guard roles, blue economy goals, and regional partnerships to secure trade routes and counter rising Indian Ocean challenges.
Black September and Zia-ul-Haq’s forgotten war: The Butcher who became a Champion
Mohammed Shoaib Raza
In 1970 Brigadier Zia-ul-Haq helped Jordan crush Palestinian fighters in Black September, earning royal gratitude that later aided his rise—before reinventing himself as a champion of the Palestinian cause.
Pakistan, Eight Decades Later: The Unravelling of Pakistan’s Founding Dreams
Imran Khurshid
Decades after shedding British rule, the Pakistani people are still fighting for freedom—this time, from the very state institutions that claim to protect them.