This occasional paper examines Balochistan’s struggle for autonomy, from British colonial “Sandemanisation” to its forced 1948 accession to Pakistan. By highlighting the suppression of Kalat’s independence and the exploitation of regional resources, Ray illustrates how systemic marginalisation transformed a secular identity movement into an enduring conflict against centralised state authority.






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Fusion of Sushi and Samosa: Evaluating Japanese PM Sanae Takaichi’s Visit to India
Mohammed Badrul Alam
Japanese PM Sanae Takaichi’s visit to India underscores a robust strategic partnership. Driven by China's regional dominance, both democracies are aligning on defence, technology, and economic diversification to secure a balanced Indo-Pacific.
Perspective from Bangladesh: Balancing Economics with Geography: Why Dhaka’s China Success Demands a Pivot to India
Simon Mohsin
While Tarique Rahman’s China visit delivered economic and political success, geography dictates that Dhaka must balance this by stabilising relations with India to effectively manage permanent, vital neighbourly and regional interests.
AJK (PoK)’s Political Pulse Amid Continuing Unrest: Reading Between the Lines
Nazir Ahmad Mir
The banning of the grassroots JKJAAC has sparked fatal unrest in AJK (PoK), exposing Islamabad’s rigid control, structural political manipulation, and the military’s violent suppression of genuine local governance.