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PoK
From the Archives: Baluchistan and The Partition of India: The Forgotten Story


Baren Ray

This occasional paper examines Balochistan’s struggle for autonomy, from British colonial “Sandemanisation” to its forced 1948 accession to Pakistan. By highlighting the suppression of Kalat’s independence and the exploitation of regional resources, Ray illustrates how systemic marginalisation transformed a secular identity movement into an enduring conflict against centralised state authority.

Kargil-Iran
Understanding Kargil’s Iran Connection


Zainab Akhter

Deeply rooted in 15th-century missionary history , Kargil has religious and cultural ties with Iran. The recent spontaneous popular response to Ayatollah Khamenei’s death shows the abiding spiritual and political contact between the people of Kargil and Iran.

India-Bangladesh
A Remarkable Reset in India-Bangladesh Ties: The Pragmatism of Tariq Rahman


Imran Khurshid

From strategic drift to a cautious reset, India–Bangladesh ties are entering a new phase after a turbulent period. Tariq Rahman’s leadership is redefining bilateral engagement through pragmatism, balance, and renewed trust.

Pakistan Air Force
The Depth of Distrust: Airstrikes in Afghanistan will not make Pakistan Secure


Imran Khurshid

Cross-border attacks and hostile narratives are deepening mistrust between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Only diplomacy and respect for sovereignty can prevent further conflict.

Issue Briefs

NCP
From Protest to Power: Can JNP reshape Bangladesh’s Political Future?


Mohmad Waseem Malla, Faiza Rizwan

The Jatiya Nagorik Party (JNP)— born out of the Students Against Discrimination (SAD) movement, that steered the July 2024 uprising in Bangladesh— is seeking to break the decades-long dominance of the Awami League and BNP, and advocating for a Second Republic through constitutional reform and centrist, pluralist governance. As it navigates entrenched power structures and competing opposition forces, it faces both great promise and uncertain challenges in its quest to reshape the nation’s political future.

indonesia-china
Indonesia’s Balancing Act : Between Contestation and Cooperation with China


Mohmad Waseem Malla, Durdhana Haq

Indonesia, Southeast Asia's largest economy, balances economic ties with China while asserting its sovereignty amid tensions in the South China Sea. China's maritime claims and illegal fishing in Indonesia's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the....

Pakistan-China
Impact of Pakistan’s Internal Dynamics on China-Pakistan Cooperation


Mohmad Waseem Malla, Kazima Zargar

The Issue Brief examines how Pakistan’s internal dynamics impact its cooperation with China, particularly through the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), launched in 2015. It traces the evolution of Sino-Pak relations, highlighting their strategic....