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SCO
SCO Bishkek Summit 2026 and India as a Valuable Stakeholder


Mohammed Badrul Alam

The 2026 Bishkek Summit highlights the SCO's Eurasian ambitions. India leverages the bloc for counterterrorism, connectivity, and cultural diplomacy while navigating complex regional challenges and balancing its Western strategic partnerships.

Pakistan Balochistan
The Securitisation Trap: How Military’s Defacto Rule Deepens Pakistan’s Regional Conflicts


Navneet Khan

Pakistan's political crises in Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa stem from federal marginalisation and economic inequality. Military securitisation of legitimate grievances deepens conflict; genuine political dialogue is essential for stability.

Ballot and the Bullet
The Ballot and the Bullet: Electoral Politics, Constitutional Crisis, and the Struggle for Autonomy in AJK (PoK)


Mohammad Usman Bhatti

A critical examination of constitutional crisis, federal control, and popular protests in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, analysing how interim frameworks produce managed democracy rather than genuine self-determination.

Issue Briefs

Balochistan
The Breaking Point in Balochistan: Failure of Pakistan’s Governance Model and Making of a Multi-Front Conflict


Idrees Aftab

Balochistan has become the epicentre of Pakistan’s growing internal security crisis, where decades of militarisation, political alienation, and economic neglect have deepened instability. The failure to address governance and development challenges has transformed the province into a multi-front conflict zone.

Indus Water Treaty
Water, Terror, and Transborder Realities: Reassessing the Indus Waters Treaty


Imran Khurshid

This issue brief analyses the strategic obsolescence of the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty against the backdrop of Pakistan's cross-border terrorism, severe climate stress, and domestic water mismanagement. It highlights the immense developmental costs borne by Jammu and Kashmir, justifying India’s decision to condition future hydro-cooperation on regional security and ecological realities.

Iran-USA
The Iran-US Memorandum of Understanding: Prospects for Peace and the Challenges of Implementation


Mohmad Waseem Malla, Faiza Rizwan

The technical negotiations at the Lake Lucerne Summit in Switzerland, which commenced on 21 June 2026, mark a critical operational step in translating the historic Iran-United States Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) into a permanent security framework. Led by US Vice President JD Vance and Iran’s Chief Negotiator Muhammad Bagher Ghalibaf, these talks aim to establish concrete mechanisms for the 14-point MoU signed on 17 June.